As technologies develop to find more precise answers to people’s questions by advancing structured data techniques, queries and knowledge bases, the underlying question of how the retrieved information is catalyzed may still remain unanswered.  The impact of these technologies lies in the value of generating knowledge from the information given in answer to a question.  But certain questions remain: Will the answers generated be precise enough? Is the information presented well enough to create tangible and valuable knowledge to the benefit of the user?

Structured data generators can already create tangible knowledge in a business setting, allowing a company to function more effectively.  An Ontario-based startup, Open Text, provides such enterprise content management technologies to businesses.  Businesses use this and similar technologies to organize and manage their information.  The technologies provided by Open Text help to convert this information to knowledge through tight organization and ease of accessibility. 

C. Lee Giles a professor of information sciences and technology at Pennsylvania State University suggests that search engines may someday be completely individualized. Users will design their own directories based on their own personal needs and interests. “Already, you can download the software to build your own small engine,” Giles highlights.  A more practical solution, at least in the short term, is what Giles calls the niche search engine, designed specifically to meet the needs of a group of people with similar interests: employees of a company or members of a profession, for example. By limiting its crawling to a specific subject area, the niche engine can burrow deeper, providing more consistently useful information.

A prime example is CiteSeer, a tool that Giles and colleague, Steve Lawrence created for the field of computer and information science. CiteSeer crawls the growing body of computer-science literature available on the web and ignores everything else. Because the amount of information it finds relevant is relatively small, it can offer users important features that generic engines can’t. In addition to allowing for keyword search, for example, CiteSeer indexes all its documents by citation. It even provides the context of each citation for easy reference, as well as links to citing documents, authors, and institutions. “It can help users see how important a given article has been within the field, and show the relationships between ideas,” Giles says. CiteSeer also allows users to submit links and content updates, making it more current and accurate than generic engines. It can do all these things automatically, Giles says, because its searches are strictly limited — to one subject area, but also to a single, standardized type of document: the scientific paper. Within its specialized realm, CiteSeer has proved itself tremendously useful. The engine now catalogs some 500,000 papers, and adds 10,000 more every month, Giles says. It receives over 100,000 visits per day. As another measure of its perceived value, a significant portion of the papers it now indexes are not found and retrieved by its crawler but are submitted by its users.

CiteSeer’s success has inspired Giles to build similar tools for other “domains.” Early this year, he unveiled eBizSearch, a niche engine for practitioners and students of e-business, built on the same software platform that powers CiteSeer. “The same thing can be done for biotechnology, or physics, or any other clearly defined subject area.”

Knowledge becomes tangible when it is organized and accessible, which is what these technologies strive to produce.  As the organization of information becomes more detailed, so will precision in the answers to questions.  Some analysts say a narrow focus better satisfies a search term. General search companies could benefit from creating niche- focused engines that search through industry specific databases focused, for example, on health care, travel, or medicine.   By building a brand in different niches, companies could gain a steadily growing, loyal audience that could then be attracted to a more general service.  The key the search market is reliability and accuracy in generated answers and niche search platforms have been demonstrating both. 

By Kiran Sarabu

Labels: Advanced Computing, Web Technologies

Vidyo, Inc. is based in Hackensack, New Jersey and supplies low-cost, high-quality video-conferencing solutions.  Vidyo provides leading price, performance and video quality conferencing based on its intellectual property in Scalable Video Coding.  SVC is a standard of video compression that is an extension of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, or Advanced Video Coding.  According to Market Watch, Vidyo provides “high-quality video and network resiliency at an attractive cost to every desktop, including remote workers.”

Traditional H.264/AVC video coding is susceptible to transmission errors.  Scalable Video Coding, however, relies upon a high-quality bitstream of video that contains subset bitstreams.  These subsets can be decoded individually to H.264/AVC quality.  SVC addresses the problems of transmission degradation and connection quality.  Vidyo’s technology sends packets of information to end users only at the rate the connection can handle.  The technology has applications in streaming, conferencing, surveillance, broadcast, and storage of video.  SVC technology was standardized in July 2007 and Vidyo has been one of the first companies to leverage the recent standard’s approval.

Vidyo has gone through several rounds of VC funding and, according to InformationWeek, has been signing video conferencing service providers; Cisco has licensed Vidyo’s IP for its Unified Communications desktop suite.  Vidyo is especially cost effective through its use of Intel processors instead of more expensive Digital Signal Processor (DSP) chips.  Vidyo operates subscription-based pricing of $30/year per desktop, creating stable cash flow.

Vidyo’s competitors in internet-based or high-definition videoconferencing include Cisco’s WebEx, MegaMeeting.com, ACT Conferencing, and Tandberg.  However, few firms combine the two elements or retain IP in Scalable Video Coding.  Vidyo’s peers are competing in a rapidly growing industry.  A Global IP Solutions white paper found “the global market for videoconferencing endpoints was $1.1 billion in 2007, and will grow to $3.9 billion in 2014."

Vidyo’s low-cost, general IP network videoconferencing technology is easy to bring into locations previously inaccessible by HD-quality videoconferencing.  Vidyo will allow small, disparate offices of large companies to inexpensively communicate with each other through videoconferencing.  In turn, this increase in communications has the possibility of improving the firm’s efficiency and allowing lower level employees from around the world to network through telepresence.  During the XXIX Olympic Games, the Royal Yachting Association of England used Vidyo technology to stay connected with support staff in Qingdao, China.  Additionally, IP videoconferencing has applications in remote locations.  Vidyo has partnered with Attend Anywhere, the industry leader in remote medical services, to supply HD videoconferencing via desktops.

Vidyo also has an experienced leadership team behind it.  Ofer Shapiro is the President, CEO, and co-founder. Before starting Vidyo, Shapiro developed the first IP video conferencing bridge and gatekeeper technology for Radvision. According to Shapiro’s company biography, he “was also a contributor and one of the editors of the H.323 standard” He also has “over fifteen years of experience in bringing disruptive technology to market.”  Vidyo’s co-founder and Chief Scientist, Dr. Alex Eleftheriadis, is an award-winning researcher with “over 17 years of research experience in video compression and communications.”  He has also taught Electrical Engineering at Columbia University. According to Vidyo’s website, “Dr. Eleftheriadis has more than 100 publications, holds 12 patents, has served as the Editor of the MPEG-4 Systems specification, and is currently co-editor of the H.264 SVC Conformance specification.”

Vidyo is well positioned to market desktop HD videoconferencing solutions.  The company has an IP lead and experience in the industry and should be able to create a sustainable market niche.

By Doug Bojack

Labels: Advanced Computing, Web Technologies

Labels: Advanced Computing

Established in 2002 in Milpitas, CA, Grandis is applying the theories of spintronics to advanced computing to produce a revolutionary second generation MRAM platform. Spintronics examines the motions of electrons and the ways that spin can be exploited for various applications. When applied to the semiconductor industry, spintronics has the capability of drastically increasing the amount of memory that can be stored in increasingly smaller spaces. Grandis’ core technology is its non-volatile Spin-transer Torque Random Access Memory or STT-RAM, which it claims has a faster read/write speed than SRAM, same capacity and low cost as DRAM, and has virtually unlimited endurance. Additionally, the process by which STT-RAM is manufactured is simpler and cheaper than that of first generation MRAM. Furthermore, as the industry continues to push towards 45 nm standards, companies will be forced to adopt new manufacturing processes. Grandis’ innovation operates with high scalability beyond the 45 nm node and as such operates on extremely low power. STT-RAM is backed by more than 80 issued and pending patents worldwide, including 30 US patents. Grandis’ innovation is truly a breakthrough technology as it is derived from Grandis’ own cutting-edge research in spintronics. Since STT-RAM overcomes the limitations of other RAM designs, the technology has an array of possible applications including: automotive applications, consumer electronic applications, and commercial semiconductor applications. Moreover, according to OneSource, in 2006 the semiconductor industry was worth $45 billion in the US alone, up 4.6% from 2005. During the same time period, integrated circuits accounted for 90% of all US semiconductor sales. It seems evident that Grandis has a huge market potential in the near and long-term future. In addition, according to Grandis, STT-RAM “…has the potential to create new sectors in the semiconductor industry and enable entirely new products not yet envisaged.”

In March 2007 Grandis was awarded about $700,000 from the National Science Foundation for the development of its STT-RAM technology. More recently Grandis received about $15 million in venture funding to commercialize its product, demonstrating the commercial and technological value of STT-RAM.

Labels: Advanced Computing

CoreMedia is implementing innovative solutions for bridging communication gaps within and between companies, their clients, and their partners. The company employs a vast portfolio of disruptive enterprise 2.0 software in order to cheaply and efficiently network staff, clients, and partners to deliver true synergy to its customers. CoreMedia has three web-based software innovations that comprise its enterprise solution package: Content Management Systems (CMS), WebTV, and Digital Rights Management (DRM). CoreMedia’s CMS software is capable of company-wide applications and is designed to easily integrate into existing systems; thus, maximizing interoperability with existing databases. As such, the software proves applicable in intranets, public/high traffic media portals, and e-government portals. Moreover, the software is able to interface with a company’s preexisting Customer Relationship Management (CRM) databases, allowing for a cheap way to share vital data among employees, partners, and clients. CoreMedia also offers its customers a WebTV platform designed to smooth communications and both vertical and horizontal operations. The IT behind CoreMedia’s WebTV is designed specifically for business applications and as such is designed to be easily installed and operable with an extremely user-friendly interface. WebTV may be used for various applications including: inter/intra-company networking, advertising campaigns, and press/investor relations. The final item included in CoreMedia’s enterprise package is its DRM content protection software. Designed to be highly flexible, the software is applicable in both home and professional settings, on multiple devices, with three levels of security. As disruptive technology, these software applications do not necessarily revolutionize the industry, nor do they suggest broad technological or political impacts. However, these applications do offer companies effective, inexpensive enterprising solutions. Moreover, according to Gartnet Inc. in 2007 the enterprise content management market was worth $2.9 billion in the US alone. With that in mind, there is undoubtedly a strong market potential for flexible, inexpensive, easy-to-use enterprising systems. This is evident in the vast portfolio of technological awards CoreMedia has earned in recognition of its innovative approaches to enterprise software. In fact, since the company was founded it has received 13 international awards.

CoreMedia was founded in 1996 and is headquartered in Hamburg, Germany. Since its inception, the company has established itself as a leader in web technology and intranet solutions. Although the enterprise content management industry is chalk-full of potential competitors, CoreMedia offers highly innovative, personalized solutions. Additionally, CoreMedia maintains a global network of implementation partners to provide its customers quality products for low prices. The company serves public, private, and government bodies worldwide.

Labels: Advanced Computing

Since its formation in 1997, FotoNation has become a world leader in providing embedded imaging and communication services for various industries. The company’s core competencies lay in its ability to provide its clients with improved digital connectivity software. Specifically, FotoNation has developed advanced technology to: identify and correct red-eye phenomenon, track and recognize facial features, detect and remove dust, and correct motion blur. These innovations improve the efficiency and operability of the devices in which they are embedded. Moreover, this technology is backed by several US patents and is currently the basic industry standard. In fact, in 2005 FotoNation authored the PTP-IP Specification which is the international camera connectivity CIPA-005/2005 standard. In addition to manufacturing products for the digital camera industry, FotoNation is active in several other markets including: imaging chiplets, printers, internet service providers, cell phones, PDA’s, and computers. As a participant in the global commercial services industry, FotoNation has a vast market potential. According to Onesource, this industry was valued at $2.2 trillion in 2007 and is forecasted to be worth $2.6 trillion by 2012, a 3.9% growth rate. As such, FotoNation will continue to see increased opportunity for advancement. In fact, in 2006 the company was awarded the DIMA Innovative Product Award, as well as the European IST Award for their red-eye detection software. These awards demonstrate industry confidence in FotoNation’s potentially groundbreaking approach to embedded imaging.

In February, 2008 FotoNation was acquired by Tessera Technologies Inc. Tessera is a developer and licenser of miniaturization technologies for the micro-optics industry with a focus on chip packaging solutions. While FotoNation is now subsidiary of Tessera, the company will keep its brand name and control of its operations. Furthermore, FotoNation will benefit from Tessera’s extensive industry experience as well as its vast resources. In 2007 Tessera reported revenues of $195.7 million.

Labels: Advanced Computing

Based in Scotts Valley, CA, Add-Vision Incorporated is a hardware technology development company which specializes in printed electronics. Add-Vision utilizes polymer organic light-emitting diode display technology, or P-OLED. P-OLED displays are low-information content displays that are potentially useful in a wide variety of areas including consumer and military applications due to their adaptability, low-resolution and low production cost. Idtechex.com explains that Add-Vision Inc. intellectual property and innovation represents a ‘truly disruptive P-OLED display technology’ whose product is a highly robust, flexible structure, ‘fabricated using high-speed printing techniques.’

Add-Vision Inc. is a mid-start age company which began researching P-OLED in 2001 and now controls most of the intellectual property related to P-OLED display technology. This gives them a strong competitive advantage in that field. Add-Vision technology is disruptive specifically because of its low-cost approach and innovation with regards to manufacturing P-OLED displays. Low cost of production and mass application will impact ‘intelligent’ media products, electronic wearables, control panels, and smart labels to name a few. A recent NanoMarket report estimates that by 2015 the market may approach $21.6 billion due to the, ‘growing demand for flexible, large area electronic circuitry from packaging, displays, smartcards, sensors and other industry sectors.’ However, because it is a relatively new technology and only a few companies are involved in its development, a lack of diversity may create potential risks which are as of yet, unknown.

Add-Vision Inc. presents an innovative and highly adaptive approach by cheaply producing printed electronics and in particular, polymer organic light-emitting diode displays. The low-cost, mass application and mass production aspects of P-OLED innovation represent significant technological advancements. Societal implications are also large, as P-OLED panels may be used in/on any number of surfaces which otherwise would be unable to support a display/computer panel. Environmentally speaking, P-OLED’s are carbon-based (organic), making their disposal green-friendly. It can be expected that the military and civilian application of Add-Vision products and printed electronics as a whole will expand well into the foreseeable future.

Labels: Advanced Computing

Genomatica is a leader in the fields of bioengineering and computational modeling. Based in San Diego, CA, the company was founded in 2000 by Christophe Schilling and Bernhard Palsson with a mission to enable bio-manufactured chemical technology. With experience and expertise in the fields of computational modeling and chemical manufacturing, the company creates biological and metabolic models with predictive capabilities. This technology allows the company to adaptively evolve living cells to become biological factories capable of sustainably producing a variety of chemical and biological products. According to Genomatica’s President and Chief Science Officer Christophe Schilling, “This technology and others that are rounding out our platform, are now enabling us to unlock large market opportunities for biologically-derived products including small molecule chemicals and fuels, as well as protein-based therapeutics." Genomatica’s approach is not a new innovation, rather, an improvement upon current technologies by combining advanced modeling techniques with biological and chemical manufacturing. According to Mark Burk, Genomatica’s senior vice president for research and commercial development, “Genomatica is developing processes for the clean, sustainable manufacture of industrial chemicals and fuels from renewable feedstocks…” The company will be joining the city of San Diego’s initiative to become a center for green technology innovation. As a consequence of this initiative, several other companies have begun to invest in bioengineering. Specifically, Amyris, LS9, Synthetic Genomics, Novomer, and Segitis have all invested in developing similar technology. All of them, however, incorporate some amount of chemical processes in the development of their final products. Genomatica is the only company exclusively using biological processes and according to VentureBeat, of the firms receiving funding for biofuel R&D, Genomatica has received the most funding to date; approximately $24 million. Moreover, Genomatica’s IP puts it well ahead of the rest of the pack as the company’s core technology is based on its US Patent 7,127,379 entitled “Method for the Evolutionary Design of Biochemical Reaction Networks.” To further consolidate its position as an industry leader, Genomatica has signed exclusive licensing agreements with both the University of California – San Diego and the Pennsylvania State University. The licensed technology is a core part of Genomatica’s Integrated Metabolic Engineering Platform.

Given the recent “green” drive by San Diego and indeed the rest of the world, Genomatica has a large market potential that will only grow with time. This innovation will undoubtedly affect the environment in a positive way since biofuels are both sustainable and clean. The technology has already made an impression on the US government as is evident by the research funding provided to Genomatica by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). This funding will be used to expand Genomatica’s research capabilities as currently the company has no plans to reach a large-scale production capacity. According to VentureBeat, the company is in the process of developing “bolt-on” facilities to existing, multi-billion dollar plants owned by larger companies.” This partnership model allows Genomatica to invest more heavily in R&D while licensing its technology for production and sale. In short, the biological and chemical outputs produced by Genomatica’s proprietary technology are cheaper, cleaner, and more abundant than conventional energy products.

Labels: Advanced Computing

Developers are working hard on making the "petascale" supercomputer available sometime next year, promising a machine capable of making 1,000 trillion calculations in one second. Scientists are heralding the possible scientific value of such processes, allowing them to look past the difficulty in building and powering such efforts. One petascale computer in particular, dubbed the "Roadrunner" and being developed Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, requires about 4 megawatts of power to run.

The greatest potential in these types of supercomputers is their ability to run simulations in areas like climate change, geology or other areas that rely heavily on modeling and forcasting to create theory. This allows for computation in a virtual environment rather than engaging in arduous experimentation in reality, and also allows for testing of things that would otherwise be impossible to observe - like supernovas, nuclear weapons detonation and earthquake damage.

Labels: Advanced Computing

Last February, D-Wave Systems introduced the first 16 qubit computer, and wasted very little time in advancing. This week at the SC07 Conference, D-Wave will put the world's first commercial quantum computer on display, via the Internet. The computer, code-named "Orion", has a tentative release date of June 2009, where it will be accessible on-line for simulation purposes targeting at pricing and risk analysis. Users of the on-line service will come from

• government
• military
• academia
• research
• engineering
• life sciences
• manufacturing, banking and insurance industries

"Orion" is supported by a software system that allows the user to be free from confusion. Ease of use was a primary factor in the design of our software system," said Dr. Bill Macready, D-Wave vice president of software systems and products. With the inception of "Orion", D-Wave hopes to provide solutions to problems that have inherently limited digital computing.

Labels: Advanced Computing

Geospacial intelligence is gaining new ground as analysts are starting to see the value of utilizing more open sources produced by individuals on the ground and then collaborating that information with other sources of intelligence. Cell phones play a big part in this analysis - both as a producer information with their built-in cameras, and a homing device that can easily be tracked or triangulated. Experts cite the importance of pictures taken by those in close proximity to the London bombings in 2005 and how these images are being easily spread with file sharing sites on the internet.

Developments are also being made in interpreting the massive amount of text that exists in open sources, especially on the internet. John Pierre, a former analyst with SAIC, founded a start-up that utilizes artificial intelligence to gather intelligence from text in geographic perspective. This can give analysts more awareness of context, regional conflicts and inside information. Additionally, progress is being made on coordinating massive amounts of photos taken of one place or landmark and forming them into a manipulative whole. This can greatly improve mobile mapping, global positioning information and satellite images.

Mass Market

Labels: Advanced Computing

Advanced Micro Devices has announced the upcoming release of its Barcelona model microprocessor. The quad-core processor architecture has outperformed the Intel Xeon series in a number of areas. Slated for release in late 2008, the processor allows new heights of virtualization. The chip will permit multiple instances of operating systems to run fluidly on a single desktop. Major software developers, including Novell, Linux, and Sun Microsystems have thrown their support behind the new technology.

The development of this microprocessor signals what is to come in the next generation. Intel, the world's largest producer of microprocessors, will not remain idle in the face of this technology. Expect large advances in microprocessor technology. As these chips become increasingly powerful and efficient, the hardware they support follows in kind.

AMD's Barcelona Chips

Labels: Advanced Computing

The scientist who first made possible the small data storage capabilities of devices like the Palm Pilot and the iPod is poised to take this miniaturization to the next level. Stuart Parkin, currently based out of IBM, revolutionized digital storage in the early '90s by manipulating the magnetic properties of tiny areas of a disc to allow for more storage. Now he's developing technology that could surpass flash memory in three to five years, not to mention open doors for engineers to create unprecedented media and communication technologies.

By standing billions of ultrafine wires around a silicon chip and allowing electric currents to move tiny magnets up and down those wires up to speeds of 100 meters a second, making storage extremely faster. Most data storage available now makes can read information at very quick speeds, but its storing capacity remains slower. Parkin's technology has the possibility of not only making storage much faster, but by doing this, could open the door for a change in the way computing works. Data searches, storage and analysis could take place in a entirely new way, and the way we view information could be one step closer to a completely digital world.

Redefining the Architechture of Memory

Labels: Advanced Computing, Nanotechnology

Atomistix A/S is a Danish software firm specializing in solutions for Nanotechnology researchers. Founded in October 2003, Atomistix has developed a system of integrated software modules based on quantum theory - the Atomistix Virtual NanoLab™ - that can accurately calculate properties associated with electron distribution and transport, and simulate experiments with integrated nanoscale systems. Its associated modeling program is called the Atomistix Toolkit. The company's software offers researchers a platform on which to conduct their research and experiment with new structures and interactions, without ever having to enter a laboratory.

There are massive implications for software like those produced by Atomistix. Firstly, modeling software could save researchers huge amounts of time and money spent in the laboratory, and structures only need be created after they are completely modeled, taking into account the strange behavior of structures on so small a level. Secondly, as computing enters new generations, and conventional computers are improved upon and replaced, eventually, by hypercomputers and quantum computers, software for scientific and mathematic modeling will be able to handle more and more complex computations. Next generation software could model the next generation hardware which could in turn lead to a revolution in software, and on and on.

That said, Atomistix and companies like it should be paid serious attention in the future, as they are strategically placed to have a huge impact on the future of technology.

Atomistix

Labels: Advanced Computing, Nanotechnology

A team of scientists at the University of Birmingham in the UK have designed a wearable computer capable of aiding crime scene investigation on a whole new level. These devices, equipped with a digital camera, GPS locator and RFID transmitter, are about the size of a small book and are equipped with a headset that takes voice commands from the wearer to take pictures or record descriptions of evidence. This helps build a "storyboard" of the investigation, one that's more interactive and is less time-consuming because investigators don't have to repetitively label every shred of evidence.

This technology has great time-saving potential for more mundane crimes, like petty theft, where time is of the essence for investigators trying to make quick work of valuable evidence. Also, when coordinated between several different agencies, it could easily be used to keep track of massive amounts of evidence, like after a plane crash or terrorist attack. It's one more useful tool to tear down the walls of communication between federal agencies dealing with national security issues.

CSI could benefit from computer sidekick

Labels: Advanced Computing

Researchers at the University of Michigan are using pulses of light to accelerate quantum computers, which may allow computers to decipher encryptions at unprecedented rates. The researchers used short bursts of light targeted at quantum dots to create light-matter interactions, and they found they could control the frequency and phase shifts in the optical network, a necessity for developing these optical-driven quantum computers.

The technique could enable computers exponentially faster than traditional computers and could give its users an incontrovertible edge in deciphering encryptions. The research has implications for the intelligence community, and if used exclusively by intelligence workers, could foil security threats posed by hackers. Certainly, the technology also has implications for any field that uses huge computations, and could provide a huge boost to research in mathematics, physics, and other fields.

Computing Breakthrough Could Elevate Computer Security to Unprecedented Levels

Labels: Advanced Computing

Jeff Hawkins, co-founder of Palm and Handspring, is now working to apply principles of Neuroscience to the development of intelligent computing platforms. In 2004, Hawkins co-authored a book, On Intelligence, which explains how a new model of the human brain will change how we design intelligent computers. Hawkins's new company, Numenta, seeks to employ the principles from his book to make advanced platforms for cognitive computing. The foremost of those principles is that of Heirarchical Temporal Memory (HTM), a model of the spacio-temporal character of the brain's Neocortex. Numenta recently released its first Platform for Intelligent Computing (NuPIC), targeted to "sophisticated developers for the purpose of education and experimentation."

Numenta: Has Artificial Intelligence Arrived?

Labels: Advanced Computing

Science magazine recently reported on the successful manipulation of carbon-13 atoms in such a way that stable quantum mechanical memory can be created and then processed at room temperature.

This kind of discovery brings the futuristic technology of quantum computing closer to the real-world operating environments of today.

Single Spinnning Nuclei in Diamond offer a stable quantum computing building block

Labels: Advanced Computing

Funding for nanotechnology has been limited in various countries, mostly because consumer knowledge, and subsequent demand, has been low and not forceful enough to increase government interest. However, as more and more innovation is being made in the field, companies and governments have started to take notice. Recently the Russian Duma voted to establish a government funded nanotechnology corporation, establishing links between policy, industry and experts in the field.

This moves comes shortly after Russian President Vladimir Putin highlighted the need to fund crucial high-tech industries in Russia during his 2007 state of the nation address in April.

Russian State Duma Adopts Law on Nanotechnology Corporation

Labels: Advanced Computing